> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://handbook.musescore.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/advanced-topics/tuning-systems-microtonal-notation-system-and-playback.md).

# Tuning systems, microtonal notation system, and playback

To setup a transposing instrument, visit [Staff / Part properties](/3/advanced-topics/staff--part-properties.md) instead.

## Musical tuning systems and notation systems

## Default tuning

The default tuning is equal temperament (12-EDO/12-TET), and the default concert pitch setting is A4 = 440Hz. Concert pitch is configurable in [synthesizer](/3/sound-and-playback/synthesizer.md).

## Other tuning systems

MuseScore supports tuning systems such as Just intonation, Pythagorean tuning, and Scordatura etc. **indirectly**, see [create desired playback](#creating-the-desired-playback) below.

## Default notation

Default notation uses 7 accidentals: **♭** (flat), **♮** (natural), **♯** (sharp), **𝄪** (double sharp), **𝄫** (double flat), **♯𝄪** (triple sharp), **♭𝄫** (triple flat), see [source code](#see-also).

You can add these 7 accidentals using any of the following:

* **Shortcut keys**: e.g. keyboard up/down keys ( these can be assigned in [Preferences: Shortcuts](/3/advanced-topics/preferences.md#shortcuts): "Pitch up", "Pitch down", "Diatonic pitch up", "Diatonic pitch down", "Change enharmonic spelling"), or
* [Toolbar buttons](/3/basics/viewing-and-navigation.md#toolbars), or
* [Palette](/3/basics/palettes.md) : **Accidentals** section (a sidebar), or
* [Master palette](/3/advanced-topics/master-palette.md) : **Accidentals** category (a popup window). Do **not** add from **Symbols** category, they are non-functional visual symbols, see [Notation types](/3/notation/notation-types.md).

See the main chapter [Accidentals](/3/notation/accidentals.md) for more information.

## Microtonal notation systems

MuseScore supports microtonal notation systems such as Helmstolk Ellis notation, Johnston notation etc., so that tuning systems such as Just intonation, Pythagorean tuning etc can be notated precisely. MuseScore development focuses on engraving support, rather than playback support, see [create desired playback](#creating-the-desired-playback) below.

Professional glyphs of some SMuFL ([Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMuFL)) symbols are shipped with Musescore, add them by using any of the following:

* [Palette](/3/basics/palettes.md) : inside the **More** button of the **Accidental** section (a sidebar), or
* [Master palette](/3/advanced-topics/master-palette.md) : **Accidentals** category and **Symbols** category (a popup window), or
* [A Plugin](https://musescore.org/en/plugins).

**Note**: Adding symbols other than [the 7 accidentals used in the default notation system](#default-notation) may damage compatibility with plugins such as [Chord Identifier (Pop Jazz)](https://musescore.org/en/project/chord-identifier-pop-jazz), because of the implicit change explained in [microtonal playback](#with-microtonal-notation-systems) below.

## Creating the desired playback

To create desired playback for a custom tuning or notation system, use one of the following methods:

## With default notation

With some tweaking, you can create desired playback on a whole score or a phrase to:

* emulate a *performer's decision* to play different pitches: for example, on the same sheet music, a violinist plays Pythagorean, a pianist plays Equal Temperament, or
* emulate an instrument tuned to a custom tuning system.

To create the desired playback, use:

* Cent adjustment of notes with the **Tuning** property in [Inspector: Note](/3/basics/inspector.md#note). To get a sensible result, you need to work out tables of cent values based on the tuning system and fundamental frequency beforehand, and may need to apply different tables to different sections; or
* [A plugin](https://musescore.org/plugins) that automates this process, such as:
  * [Tunings and Temperaments](https://musescore.org/en/project/tunings-and-temperaments) (as of Jan 2023, this plugin does not differentiate between enharmonic notes, i.e. Ab=G#), the workaround is to manually select and use separate values.)
  * [Scordatura](https://musescore.org/en/project/scordatura)

## With microtonal notation systems

Direct playback of microtonal notation is not supported, create desired playback by using:

* Cent adjustment of notes with the **Tuning** property in [Inspector](/3/basics/inspector.md#note), pay attention to points listed below.
* [A plugin](https://musescore.org/plugins) that automates this process such as [one of these suggested in a forum discussion](https://musescore.org/en/node/313459).

Points to consider when adjusting **Tuning** property.

* Many SMuFL symbols provide visual / engraving purpose only and do **not affect playback**.
* When applying some symbols to an existing accidental-marked note, Musescore automatically and **implicitly change the note's internal / playback pitch** to its "accidental-less" version, see [Nominal-accidental chain](https://en.xen.wiki/w/Nominal-accidental_chain)—Xenharmonic WIKI, [this discussion](https://musescore.org/en/node/315139), and [source code](#see-also). Purpose of this design is to allow implementation of different tuning systems.
* For example, adding a quarter-tone sharp symbol (small upward arrow with sharp sign, 𝄲) to F# changes its playback to F in pitch inside Musescore, and the quarter-tonesSharp symbol itself does not affect playback inside Musescore.

Alternatively, use a software in microtonal composition and playback such as [Mus2](https://mus2.com.tr/), see [a list on Xenharmonic Wiki](https://en.xen.wiki/w/Software).

## Keywords for search engine

Tuning, Temperament, Intonation, Notation, EDO (Equal Division of the Octave), TET (Tone Equal Temperament), HEJI (Helmholtz-Ellis Just Intonation), HEWM (Helmholtz-Ellis-Wolf-Monzo), Sagittal notation system, Stein, Dicot, Porcupine, Meantone, Superpyth, Well-tempered.

## See also

* About the 7 accidentals: [Source code accidental.cpp at github](https://github.com/fp22june/MuseScoreTag362/blob/master/libmscore/accidental.cpp#L476)


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