Cifras

Overview

A chord symbol is an abbreviated way of representing a musical chord and its harmony.

MuseScore Studio supports the following ways of representing chords:

  • Chord symbols: alphabetical chord name plus chord quality. e.g. 'Am'.

  • Roman numeral analysis (RNA): Roman numeral plus chord quality. e.g. 'vi'.

  • Nashville number system (NNS): Arabic numeral plus chord quality. e.g. '6m'.

Chord symbols

O MuseScore usa esta terminologia para as partes de um símbolo de acorde:

  • Root: The note that names the chord.

  • Quality: Major, minor, diminished, half diminished, or augmented.

  • Extensions & modifiers: Other alterations to the chord (7, sus, no 3, etc.).

Chord symbols are specified in plain text. As soon as you finish editing a chord (by moving to another chord, or by leaving edit mode), the characters are parsed and, as long as MuseScore Studio can understand the sequence, will be formatted correctly.

Entering chord symbols

  1. Select a note, note slash, or rest.

  2. Press Ctrl+K (Mac: Cmd+K); the chord symbol entry cursor appears above the staff ready for input.

  3. Digite o símbolo de acorde usando esta sintaxe:

    • Root note: any letter A to G (case is not important).

    • Accidentals: # (sharp), b (flat), x or ## (double sharp), bb (double flat).

    • For other symbols, extensions, and modifiers, see #chord-symbol-syntax.

  4. To move the input cursor forward to the next beat, note, or rest (whichever comes first), press Space. For other ways to move the cursor, see #navigation-commands.

  5. Para sair do modo de inserção, pressione Esc ou clique em um local vazio na partitura.

A chord symbol must begin with a root note (any of the letters `a` to `g`), or an open parenthesis `(`.

When chord symbols are formatted, any root note typed in lower case will become capitalized (for alternative options, see Automatic capitalization) and any characters entered for accidentals are automatically converted into the appropriate music symbols. Do not directly input (or copy and paste) unicode characters such as U+266F (sharp sign, ), or U+266D (flat sign, ), as MuseScore will not render them correctly in chord notation.

Editing a chord symbol

Chord symbols are text items. Double-click on a chord symbol to enter edit mode. While editing, the chord symbol will be shown using text that follows the syntax described below. When you leave edit mode, it will again be converted to the correct formatting.

Chord symbol syntax

O MuseScore entende a maioria das abreviações padrão usadas em símbolos de acorde e os reproduz adequadamente. Elas podem ser inseridas da seguinte forma:

  • Major: M, Ma, Maj, ma, maj, t

    • t produces Δ; on Mac, ˆ also works

  • Minor: m, mi, min, -

  • Diminished: dim, o (renders as ° if using the Jazz style; as o, the Greek omicron, otherwise)

  • Half-diminished: 0 (renders as ø if using the Jazz style; as 0 otherwise), or you can use abbreviations such as mi7b5 etc.

    • To get Dø, type D0, not Dm70 or Dm0.

  • Augmented: aug, +

The following syntax is also accepted:

  • Extensions and modifiers: Examples include 7, b9, #5, sus, alt, add, and no3.

  • Inversions and slash chords: Type a slash (/) before the altered bass note, for example C7/E.

  • Polychords (multiple chords stacked): type a pipe character (|) between two chords, for example F|C.

    • Full playback of polychords is not yet supported. Only the first chord will be played.

You can further format chords using these methods:

  • Parentheses, which can enclose any part of a chord symbol (or the whole thing)

  • Commas

  • To enter a space character within a chord symbol, use Ctrl+Space (Mac: Alt+Space).

  • To enter an explicit natural after the root note, use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Shift+H (Mac:Cmd+Shift+H).

    • When using an explicit natural, playback is reduced to just the chord's root note.

  • Inputting type followed by any characters at the end of a chord (for example, Ctype1 or Ctype2) adds superscript that can be used to denote different versions of the same chord. One way this might be used is to differentiate fretboard diagrams that otherwise have the same chord name.

    Two chords, C type 1 and C type 2, with corresponding fretboard diagrams. Type 1 and Type 2 are superscripted next to the C chord name.

'No chord' syntax

Type N.C. into a chord symbol to indicate that no chord should be played at that point in the score, stopping playback of any preceding chord symbols on that instrument.

This is the most common marking for specifying silence on the chord symbol track, but you can type any text that MuseScore does not recognize as a chord to achieve the same effect.

Chord symbols & fretboard diagrams

MuseScore Studio can automatically create guitar fretboard diagrams for most common chords symbols. See #adding-a-fretboard-diagram-to-your-score.

Roman numeral analysis

O MuseScore Studio usa uma fonte especializada (Campania) para fornecer a formação correta para RNA. Diferente dos símbolos de acorde, ao inserir RNA usando a sintaxe descrita abaixo, os símbolos e a formação corretos serão mostrados a cada tecla pressionada.

Entering Roman numeral analysis

  1. Select a note, note slash, or rest

  2. From the menu, select Add -> Text -> Roman numeral analysis (if you use this feature often, you can assign a keyboard shortcut to do the same thing in Preferences)

  3. Digite os símbolos RNA do acorde como texto normal, da seguinte forma:

    • major chord: upper case roman numerals (I, II, III, IV, etc.)

    • minor chord: lower case roman numerals (i, ii, iii, iv, etc.)

    • diminished chord: o (lower case)

    • half-diminished chord: 0

    • augmented chord: +

    • inversões de acorde: insira até 3 números de um único dígito, começando pela nota mais alta

    • accidentals: # (sharp), b (flat) or h (natural)

  4. To move the input cursor, the commands are the same as for chord symbols: see Navigation commands

  5. Para sair do modo de inserção, pressione Esc ou clique em um local vazio na partitura.

While inputting, you can prevent any character from being interpreted by prefixing it with \ (backslash). This could be used, for example, to add the literal letters 'b' or 'h', or to input a non-superscripted number, etc.

Inversões podem ser indicadas usando as letras a, b, c, d simplesmente digitando essas letras.

Para sintaxes mais complexas, veja os seguintes exemplos.

Examples

Digite isto:

Type this

Para produzir isto:

To get

A notacão de inversão usando numerais árabes alinhados verticalmente com acidentes, como 6#3 (ou seja, um acorde alterado), não é suportada. Como alternativa: crie texto de [baixo numerado](figured-bass.md) ou crie objetos de texto separados e posicione-os manualmente.

Nashville number system

O Sistema de Numeração Nashville (NNS) é um método abreviado de representar acordes pelos graus da escala ao invés de letras de acorde. Isso permite que o acompanhamento seja tocado em qualquer tonalidade a partir do mesmo diagrama de acordes.

Entering Nashville numbers

Para começar a inserir notacão Nashville:

  1. Select a note, note slash, or rest

  2. No menu, selecione Adicionar → Texto → Número Nashville.

Assim como nos símbolos de acorde padrão, você pode digitar a notacão Nashville normalmente e o MuseScore fará o possível para reconhecer e formatar os símbolos adequadamente.

Os mesmos comandos de navegação são usados como para os outros tipos de símbolos de acorde.

Nashville Number example
An example of the Nashville number system

Use the following keyboard shortcuts to move the cursor in chord symbol entry mode:

Ação
Comando (Windows)
Comando (macOS)

Mover cursor para a próxima nota, pausa ou batida

Espaço

Espaço

Mover cursor para a próxima batida

;

;

Mover cursor para a nota, pausa ou batida anterior

Shift+Space

Shift+Space

Mover cursor para a batida anterior

:

:

Mover cursor para a próxima medida

Ctrl+Direita

Cmd+Direita

Mover cursor para a medida anterior

Ctrl+Esquerda

Cmd+Esquerda

Mover cursor por número de duração

Ctrl+1-9

Cmd+1-9

Sair da inserção de símbolo de acorde

Esc

Esc

Chord symbol playback

Only **chord symbols** and **Nashville numbers** can be played back; **Roman numeral analysis** cannot.

To disable or re-enable playback of chord symbols entirely

  1. Click the cog button at the right end of the playback controls.

  2. In the menu, select Play chord symbols to toggle the setting off or on.

To disable or re-enable playback of a specific chord symbol

  1. Select the chord symbol.

  2. Go to the Properties panel.

  3. In the General selection, check or uncheck the Play box.

To toggle playback of chord symbols on a specific instrument

  1. Open the Mixer.

  2. Find the channel strip for the chords on that instrument (it will be named 'Chords.[Instrument name]').

  3. Toggle its Mute button on or off.

To change the sound that is used to play chord symbols

  1. Open the Mixer.

  2. Find the channel strip for the chords on that instrument (it will be named 'Chords.[Instrument name]').

  3. Select the dropdown arrow that appears when hovering over the sound name to choose a new sound.

Chord symbol style

The global style options for chord symbols are found in Format -> Style -> Chord symbols. Not every setting is applicable to every type of chord symbol notation. When not relevant, they will have no effect (for example, switching to Jazz style will affect chord symbols and NNS, but not RNA).

Each type of chord symbol notation has its own default text style, which can be configured in Format -> Style -> Text styles (Chord symbol, Roman numeral analysis, Nashville number).

Appearance

Style

Isso determina como os símbolos de acorde são renderizados. Afeta todos os símbolos de acorde na partitura e não pode ser sobrescrito para um item específico.

  • Padrão: o padrão, onde acordes são renderizados usando a fonte de texto padrão, sem formatação adicional

  • Jazz: a fonte MuseJazz é usada para um visual manuscrito, com sobrescrito distintivo e outras características especiais

  • Legacy MuseScore: used for scores created in versions of MuseScore Studio prior to 4.6

  • Custom: with this option you can customize the appearance of chord symbols by means of a chord symbols style file (in XML format, with extension .xml)

Creating and modifying chord symbols style files is a feature for advanced users, but it does offer a way to customize the parsing, formatting and interpretation of chord symbols that goes beyond the options available in the **Style** dialog.

The relevant files are normally to be found in the Styles folder of your installation (e.g. in Windows, by default, C:\Program Files\MuseScore 4\styles). Consult the comments in these files for an explanation of their syntax and functionality.

You can customize the scale for extensions and modifiers via Extension/Modifier scaling (as a proportion of the overall chord symbol size), and their vertical position via Extension/Modifier vertical offset (expressed in spaces).

Aqui estão alguns exemplos de como os acordes são renderizados com diferentes configurações:

Chord symbols, font: Edwin, style: Normal
Chord symbols, font: MuseJazzText, style: Normal
Chord symbols, font: MuseJazzText, style: Jazz

Spelling

Essas opções afetam apenas símbolos de acorde (não análise em numeral romano ou números Nashville).

As opções a seguir estão disponíveis em Ortografia:

  • Padrão: A, B♭, B, C, C♯... (padrão)

  • Alemão: A, B♭, H, C, C♯...

  • Alemão completo: A, B, H, C, Cis...

  • Solfège: Do, Do♯, Re♭, Re...

  • Francês: Do, Do♯, Ré♭, Ré...

Se Capitalização automática estiver ativada (padrão), o MuseScore capitalizará todas as notas raiz dos acordes, independentemente de serem inseridas em maiúsculas ou minúsculas. Você pode desativar esse comportamento desmarcando a caixa, caso queira que a capitalização permaneça como digitada, ou pode personalizar seu comportamento pelas opções abaixo:

  • Acordes menores em minúsculas: acordes menores serão exibidos em minúsculas (acordes maiores ainda serão capitalizados)

  • Notas de baixo em minúsculas: notas de baixo serão exibidas em minúsculas

  • Nomes de notas em caixa alta: todas as letras nos nomes das notas, não apenas a inicial, serão maiúsculas (ex.: DO, RE, MI)

Positioning

  • Distância ao diagrama de braço: a distância entre um símbolo de acorde e um diagrama de braço abaixo dele

  • Espaçamento mínimo entre acordes: a distância horizontal mínima entre dois símbolos de acorde

  • Distância máxima da linha de compasso: (isto controlava a distância entre o último símbolo de acorde em uma medida e a linha de compasso seguinte, mas agora está obsoleto)

  • Deslocamento máximo acima/abaixo: a distância máxima que um símbolo de acorde pode ser movido para cima ou para baixo para alinhá-lo com o anterior no sistema. Se definido como 0, os símbolos não alinharão; para forçar todos os sistemas de acordes a alinhar ao longo do sistema, defina um valor alto.

Playback

These options affect chord symbols and Nashville numbers only (not Roman numeral analysis, which is not realized for playback).

They can be overridden for any specific chord symbol via the Properties panel.

  • Interpretation

    • Literal

    • Jazz: Adds color tones (e.g. the major 9th) but may also omit certain notes. This depends both on the chord itself and its context, like what chord follows it.

  • Voicing

    • Automatic

    • Root only: Just the bass note

    • Close: Keeps the notes within the span of an octave

    • Drop two: Lowers the second-highest note by one octave

    • Six note

    • Four note: 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th intervals

    • Three note

  • Duration

    • Until next chord symbol: Holds the chord until the next chord symbol appears.

    • Until end of measure: Holds the chord until the end of the measure.

    • Chord/rest duration: Holds the chord as long as the duration of the note or rest to which the chord symbol is attached.

These options also affect how chords will be realized into notation. See #generating-chord-voicings-onto-a-staff.

To voice a chord using notes only from the major triad (particularly when using the **Jazz** interpretation), use the triangle symbol (Δ) in the chord's name.

Capo fret position

This feature only applies to chord symbols, not Nashville numbers or Roman numeral analysis.

MuseScore can create an extra bracketed chord symbol next to the main one for when playing with a capo. The bracketed symbol, when played using a capo at that position, sounds identical to the unbracketed one.

Para habilitar esse recurso, defina Posição da casa do capotraste para um valor acima de 0.

Chord symbol properties

No painel Propriedades, na seção Símbolo de acorde, você pode alterar as configurações de reprodução dos acordes selecionados, que substituirão as configurações gerais da partitura.

In the Text section you can override properties for the text formatting of the symbol, as for all other text items.

The **Font** property is ignored when **Interpretation** is set to **Jazz**.

Transposition

(Veja também o capítulo Transposição.)

Transposing instruments

When switching Concert pitch on or off, chord symbols on transposing instruments will adjust automatically. When concert pitch is off and chord symbols are copy-pasted between transposing and non-transposing instruments, they will be transposed accordingly. Note, however, that chords associated with fretboard diagrams are not transposed automatically.

The Transpose dialog

This feature only applies to chord symbols, not Nashville numbers or Roman numeral analysis.

Use the Transpose dialog (Tools -> Transpose) to transpose selected, standalone chord symbols. To prevent chord symbols from being transposed, uncheck the Transpose chord symbols box in the dialog.

Generating chord voicings onto a staff

MuseScore Studio allows you to generate notes from selected chord symbols and Nashville numbers (but not Roman numeral analysis) . The result will depend on the chord's playback properties.

To realize a selection of chord symbols:

  1. Make a selection of chord symbols

  2. Right-click on any chord in the selection

  3. Click Realize chord symbols

  4. In the Realize chord symbols dialog, if you wish to override the default options for the selection, check Override with custom options and configure the options below as necessary

  5. Click OK.

Para alterar a qualidade do acorde após gerar vozes de acordes em uma pauta, use um plugin como:

Para identificar harmonia ou acorde, use um plugin como:

Arquivos de estilo de símbolos de acordes:

Atualizado

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