# Indications de tempo

## Overview

The musical terminology tempo means the speed or pace of a composition. Musicians use **tempo markings**/**marks** to indicate tempo. Supported tempo markings include:

* **Metronome marks**: Consists of a note, an equals sign, and a whole number.

  <figure><img src="https://2916339870-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FduxygJGBb4uQWhC9aJJP%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-9967d8a64ed7a588595366b92530bceca396f3ee%2Fmet_mark_1.png?alt=media" alt="A metronome mark, half note = 80"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

  indicates 80 minims (half note) per minute.

  <figure><img src="https://2916339870-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FduxygJGBb4uQWhC9aJJP%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3b5bca9f3ccc781c0593cbac7239865fe772cf62%2Fmet_mark_2.png?alt=media" alt="Metronome mark, quarter note = 80"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

  indicates 80 quarter notes (crotchets) per minute.
* **Verbal tempo indications**: Andante, Allegro, "a tempo", "tempo primo" etc.
* **Tempo change lines**: Consists of a text and a dashed line. Includes "accel.", "allarg.", "rall.", and "rit.".
* **Metric modulations**:

  <figure><img src="https://2916339870-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FduxygJGBb4uQWhC9aJJP%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-71820b9dc3d3f252c7ccab0334ed8fca6dda8d6a%2Fmetric_mod.png?alt=media" alt="A metric modulation, quarter note = dotted quarter note"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Musescore's synthesizer paces based on two settings:

* The real, written tempo of score. It is only determined by tempo markings on the score. **Section breaks and barlines do not reset anything.** If no tempo marking is present on a score, it plays as if ♩ = 120 is used (120 crotchets or quarter notes in one minute).
* The control slider that change pace temporarily, intended for monitoring purpose. See [Playback panel](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/sound-and-playback/playback-controls) chapter.

Musicians use tempo markings to indicate the value of one beat, but Musescore does not use the beat information inside tempo markings. Beat information is obtained from [Time signatures](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/notation/rhythm-meter-and-measures/time-signatures) only.

Tempo markings are **Musescore Text**, except tempo change lines are **Musescore Line** that contains Text, see [Text](https://github.com/shoogle/Handbook/blob/fr/docs/text/README.md) and [Other lines](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/notation/expressive-markings/other-lines) chapter.

The [Properties palette](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/basics/properties-panel) and [Playback panel](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/sound-and-playback/playback-controls) use a special unit "BPM". "BPM" is the amount of quarter notes would have been within one minute in decimal number. It is not related to the musical beat. It is not the whole number used in metronome marks conventionally, or on the score.

### Using Metronome marks and Metric modulations

Playback follows written content by default only when note and augmentation dot *professional glyphs* are used. User can also use an overriding setting.

### Using Tempo change lines

The tempo changes along the object's anchored range, see [Other lines](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/notation/expressive-markings/other-lines) chapter.

Musescore does not understand the written content. These items have **pre-defined tempo setting**. In Musescore 4.2 beta's **Tempo** palette, by default:

* **accel.**: Gradually speeds up to 133% of the original tempo
* **allarg.**: Gradually slows down to 75% of the original tempo. The italian allargando means widen.
* **rall.**: Gradually slows down to 75% of the original tempo
* **rit.**: Gradually slows down to 75% of the original tempo

The setting is changable, see ["Changing playback"](#changing-playback) section.

### Using Verbal tempo indications

Musescore does not understand the written content. In Musescore 4.2 beta's **Tempo** palette, by default:

* "***a tempo***" item: Changes tempo back the latest tempo before any change by **tempo change lines**.
* **tempo primo** item: Changes tempo back to that indicated by the first valid marking.
* Other verbal tempo indication items have **pre-defined tempo setting**.

All of these settings are changable, see ["Changing playback"](#changing-playback) section.

## Adding tempo marks to your score

All markings are found in the **Tempo** palette, see [Using the palettes](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/basics/using-the-palettes) chapter.

Tempo markings affect playback of all staffs on a score.

New **Tempo change line** is positioned on top of a staff, like [Staff Text](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/text/staff-system-and-expression-text) does. It only appears in the "FullScore" and the "Part" that features the staff. All other new tempo markings are positioned on top of system, like [System Text](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/text/staff-system-and-expression-text) does. System is a layout term, see [Page layout concepts](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/formatting/page-layout-concepts) chapter).

To add a **Metronome mark, Verbal tempo indication, or Metric modulation** onto the score, use one of the following methods:

* Select a note/rest and click an item in a palette.
* Drag the item from a palette onto a note/rest.
* From the menu bar, select **Add→Text**, and click on **Tempo marking**.
* See also [External links](#external-links) for alternative method utilizing a 3rd-party font.

To add a **Metronome mark** that use a suitable note value by using the beat information from the time signature:

* Select a note/rest and press the keyboard shortcut `Alt`+`Shift`+`T`.

To add a **Tempo change line**, use the methods explained in the [Other lines: apply line](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/notation/expressive-markings/other-lines#adding-a-line-to-your-score) chapter. One common method is to add it to a selected range:

1. Soit
   * Select a note or rest, for creation of Tempo object with "Staff Text Line" behavior, or
   * Select a measure for creation of Tempo object with "System Text Line" behavior;
2. `Shift`+Click the last.
3. Click an item in the palette.

## Changing appearance

Playback can be configured to follow written content of **Metronome mark and Metric modulation**. Musescore only understand note and augmentation dot *professional glyphs*. Do not copy or use unicode characters from other programs or the internet. The augmentation dot is not a "Full stop / period" on the computer keyboard.

Other characters and numbers are *plain characters*, entered using (typing on) a computer keyboard. They have different formatting behaviors, for example changing the **Properties panel:Font** does not affect glyphs, see musescore 3 handbook [Fonts](https://musescore.org/en/handbook/3/fonts) chapter. See also [Entering and editing text](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/text/entering-and-editing-text) chapter.

### Adding plain characters

1. Select an object.
2. Enter [edit mode](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/entering-and-editing-text#edit-mode) (double click)
3. Type text.

### Adding professional glyphs

1. Select an object.
2. Enter [edit mode](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/entering-and-editing-text#edit-mode) (double click).
3. Use **Special characters window: Common symbols tab**, one way to open the window is `Shift`+`F2`

### Tempo change lines

Tempo change lines are **Musescore Line**. To change appearence of the dashed line, see [Other lines: line properties](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/notation/expressive-markings/other-lines#line-properties) and [Adjusting elements directly: Changing the range of a line](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/basics/adjusting-elements-directly#working-with-lines) chapters.

## Changing playback

### Metronome mark, Metric modulation, and Verbal tempo indication

To change the predefined tempo setting:

1. Select object(s)
2. Open the [Properties palette](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/basics/properties-panel)
3. Under Tempo section
4. Enter a value in **Override written tempo**, this value use the special BPM unit, see [Overview](#overview).

To assign a manual / overriding tempo setting:

1. Select object(s)
2. Open the [Properties palette](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/basics/properties-panel)
3. Under Tempo or A Tempo or Tempo primo section, click to change:
   * **Follow written tempo** : uncheck to ignore written content on the score
   * **Set specific tempo** : check to ignore written content on the score
4. Enter a value in **Override written tempo**, this value use the special BPM unit, see [Overview](#overview).

### Tempo change line

<figure><img src="https://2916339870-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FduxygJGBb4uQWhC9aJJP%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-58da92b59941f7f5a69cb6b5905a255e991d2fad%2Ftempo_change_properties_panel.png?alt=media" alt="Tempo change properties"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

To change the manual tempo setting:

1. Select object(s)
2. Open the [Properties palette](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/basics/properties-panel)
3. Click **Playback**, change any if required:
   * **Amount**: Target tempo as a percentage of original tempo. 100% means no change.
   * **Easing Methods**: Rate of tempo change, options are
     * *Normal* : a linear transition effect with the same rate of change from start to end
     * *Ease in* : a transition effect with a slow change rate at the start but a quicker change rate at the end
     * *Ease out* : a transition effect with a quick change rate at the start but a slow change rate at the end

Tempo change lines are **Musescore Line**. The tempo changes along the object's anchored range. To change the range, see [Other lines: line properties](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/notation/expressive-markings/other-lines#line-properties) and [Adjusting elements directly: Changing the range of a line](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/basics/adjusting-elements-directly#working-with-lines) chapters.

## Repeating tempo markings on other staves

A tempo marking's layout and default positioning depends on how it is added, see ["Adding tempo marks to your score"](#adding-tempo-marks-to-your-score) section.

For tempo markings that behave like "System Text" or "System Text Line", there is a special method to mirror the object, see [Staff Text, System Text and Expression Text: Repeating System Text on other staves](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/staff-system-and-expression-text#repeating-system-text-on-other-staves) chapter.

## Tempo properties

Selected tempo markings(s) on a score can be edited with [Properties panel](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/basics/properties-panel), settings are already covered in other sections of this chapter. The **Properties panel: Font** property affects plain characters, but not the professional glyphs. Professional glyphs use "Musical symbols font", see ["Tempo style"](#tempo-style) section. Text related settings are covered in [Formatting text](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/text/formatting-text) chapter. Line related settings are covered in [Other lines](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/notation/expressive-markings/other-lines) chapter.

To edit the score-wide settings, see ["Tempo style"](#tempo-style) section.

## Tempo style

*See main chapter* [*Templates and styles*](https://handbook.musescore.org/fr/customization/templates-and-styles)

* Values of the "Musical symbols font" can be edited in **Format→Style→Score**.
* Values of the "Style for Tempo text" can be edited in **Format→Style→Tempo text**.
* Values of the "Style for text inside Tempo" can be edited in **Format→Style→Text styles→Tempo**
* Values of the "Style for text inside Gradual Tempo Change" can be edited in **Format→Style→Text styles→Gradual Tempo Change**
* Values of the "Style for text Metronome" can be edited in **Format→Style→Text styles→Metronome**. No object uses this profile by default, its purpose is for styling Tempo markings which have both a verbal indication part and a metronome mark part. Often the metronome mark part is non-bold and a little smaller. Source: [https://github.com/musescore/MuseScore/issues/13377#issuecomment-147399…](https://github.com/musescore/MuseScore/issues/13377#issuecomment-1473992491)

  <figure><img src="https://2916339870-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FduxygJGBb4uQWhC9aJJP%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-5cc6718dde6af7709e9065d38716071911192906%2Ftempo_text_style.png?alt=media" alt="Tempo style"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## External links

* github "a tempo" <https://github.com/musescore/MuseScore/pull/15563>
* create advanced metric modulation text with "Metrico" font by Florian Kretlow, [PSA: If you want to write complex metric modulations, check out this awesome font Florian Kretlow made!](https://musescore.org/en/node/362668)