# Noteheads

## Overview

This chapter discusses the appearance of notehead in Musescore.

## Notehead schemes

One aspect of music notation systems is **notehead scheme**. A scheme is a set of rules used to decide notehead shape's *meaning*, some of them are supported in Musescore. Supported schemes relate notehead meaning to a note's:

* **duration**: as in the most widely used scheme.
* **pitch (using movable-do or absolute pitch solfege)**: literally written on it, and
* **pitch (relative pitch using shape note solfege)**: as in "shape note notation" (see reference under [External links](##external-links)).

The most widely used scheme is very likely the only one known to many musicians. It is referred to as "Normal" in Musescore and is the default settings for new staff. Details of the nine schemes available in Musescore are covered in [Notehead schemes](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/advanced-topics/notehead-schemes).

Understanding relative pitch notations (shape note solfege, shape note notation) can enhance the reader's comprehension of this chapter. Most of the time, a notehead shape conveys one specific meaning, and that meaning is only associated with one notehead shape. Shape note solfege is like a variant of movable-do solfege that belongs to the exceptions. For example, in one type of "shape note notation", a triangle must be used to notate a relatively pitched "C4", but triangles are also read as relatively pitched "C"s or "F"s only, and triangles must sing "Fa" or a syllable agree upon by singers on-site. The loosely related shape note solfege notates interval perception much better than the "Normal" setting.

## Notehead shape

<figure><img src="https://1928698062-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F5NUiVQIqbPkgQim8AxPy%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-0648b02aa599b476eaa412c45cbef1e767d23065%2Fms3_nh2.png?alt=media" alt="Ms3 nh2"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

\ \_Shown above diamond notehead can be used for harmonic notes in guitar, violin etc; and slash notehead for guitar strums etc.\_

Final display of notehead shape in Musescore is determined by three factors: the **notehead type factor**, the **pitch factor**, and the **duration factor** (or note-value, rhythm).

### Pitch factor

Note pitch *may* affect affect notehead shape, depending on the scheme, but it only happens on notes that do not use an overriding **Head group** property. See ["Notehead type factor" section](#notehead-type-factor).

### Duration factor

The duration factor is determined by note's duration, to edit duration see [Entering notes and rests](https://musescore.org/en/handbook/4/entering-notes-and-rests) and [Editing notes and rests](https://musescore.org/en/handbook/4/editing-notes-and-rests) chapters. It also can be [visually overridden](#changing-notehead-shape) for individual note, while keeping the real value and playback intact.

### Notehead type factor

Options available for **notehead type factor** depends on [staff type](https://musescore.org/en/handbook/4/staffpart-properties#overview):

* On Standard staffs (type 1a, type 1b), the final result is determined in Musescore using three level:
  1. Level 1 **Notehead scheme** of a **staff** (option named "Notehead Scheme" in Musescore 3): Default is "Normal".
  2. Level 2 **Notehead scheme** of **a note** (option named "Head scheme" in Musescore 3):
     * The default option "Auto" means "ignore this level".
     * Other options: scheme to use on this note, overrides Level 1.
  3. Level 3 **Head group** property of **a note**. Affects notehead shape *if and only if* the result scheme of Level 1 and Level 2 is "Normal".
* [Tablature](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/notation/tablature) (type 2) do not use notes, but you can toggle fret mark / crosshead ghost note with <kbd>Shift</kbd>+<kbd>X</kbd>,
* On percussion staffs (type 3), instrument (like snare or hi-hat, not the "drumset" Musescore Instrument) determines the notehead type factor. See [Entering and editing percussion notation: Notehead shape](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/notation/entering-and-editing-percussion-notation#notehead-shape) chapter.

**Notehead scheme** determines the notehead shape for every note on a staff, unless overridden by individual note's **Head group** property. When **Notehead scheme** is not overridden, notes' pitch *may* affect notehead shape, depending on the scheme. "Normal" **Notehead scheme** does not use pitch to determine notehead shape. When a note uses an overriding **Head group** property, a note's pitch does not affect notehead shape at all.

## Changing notehead shape

**Notehead type factor**

* (Valid on standard staffs only) To change level 1 **notehead scheme** of a **single staff**, affecting all notes:
  1. Right click on an **empty** part of the desired staff and select **Staff/Part properties**.
  2. Click on the **Advanced style properties** button (opens **Edit Staff Type** window).
  3. Select an option in **Notehead scheme** dropdown.
* (Valid on standard staffs only) To change level 2 **notehead scheme** of **note(s)**:
  1. Select note(s) on a score.
  2. In the [Inspector](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/basics/inspector#note) **Note** section, select an option from the **Head scheme** dropdown: the default "Auto" means "ignore this level".
* (Valid on standard staffs only) To change level 3 **Head group** property:
  1. Select note(s) on a score.
  2. Use one of the following:
     * In the [Inspector](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/basics/inspector#note) **Note** section , select an option in **Head group** drop-down, or
     * Click (prior to Musescore 3.4: double-click) on an item in the **Noteheads** [palette](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/basics/palettes) , or drag it onto a notehead in the score.
* [Tablature](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/notation/tablature) do not use notes, but you can toggle fret mark / crosshead ghost note with <kbd>Shift</kbd>+<kbd>X</kbd>.
* To change noteheads on percussion staffs, see [Entering and editing percussion notation: Notehead shape](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/notation/entering-and-editing-percussion-notation#notehead-shape) chapter. Only some items in **Noteheads** [palette](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/basics/palettes) work on percussion staffs.

**Duration factor**

* To change note duration, see [Note input](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/basics/note-input).
* To change the apparent duration *without altering real value* so that playback is not affected:
  1. Select note(s) on a score.
  2. In the [Inspector](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/basics/inspector#note) **Note** section, select an option from the **Head type** dropdown: the default "Auto" means "no override"

## Adding pitch information to notes

There are six methods to change "pitch".

Most of the time, a note's pitch only affects its staff space / vertical position, to change it:

* Change note pitch, see [Note input](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/basics/note-input).
* Modify the **playback** pitch of **note(s)** on score *without altering notation*:In the [Inspector](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/basics/inspector#note) **Note** section, edit **Tuning**. This is useful for reasons explained in [Tuning systems, microtonal notation system, and playback](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/advanced-topics/tuning-systems-microtonal-notation-system-and-playback).

[Tablature](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/notation/tablature), [percussion notation](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/notation/entering-and-editing-percussion-notation), and some notehead scheme (see [Overview](#overview)) use notehead shape to convey pitch information:

* The brackets (parentheses, dead note or ghost note) item in **Noteheads** [palette](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/basics/palettes) can be added to a note or accidental.
* Toggle [Tablature](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/notation/tablature) fret mark / crosshead (ghost note or dead note) with <kbd>Shift</kbd>+<kbd>X</kbd>
* To use custom notehead shape for *visual pitch representation*:
  1. [Change level 1 setting](#changing-notehead-shape) as required *for the staff.*
  2. Use an level 2 overriding setting on *selected note(s)*:
     1. Select note(s) on a score.
     2. In the [Inspector](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/basics/inspector#note) **Note** section, select "Normal" from the **Head scheme** dropdown.
  3. Assign level 3 **Head group** property. Use either one of the following:
     * In the [Inspector](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/basics/inspector#note) **Note** section, select an option in **Head group** drop-down. or
     * Click (prior to Musescore 3.4: double-click) on an item in the **Noteheads** [palette](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/basics/palettes), or drag it onto a notehead in the score.
  4. These note(s) will be **always** use this item, regardless of [any future pitch change by user](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/basics/note-input) unlike other notes on this staff.
  5. [Change **duration factor**](#changing-notehead-shape) as required.
* To loosen the relationship between note vertical position and pitch so that **all notes on a staff** create desired playback, take advantage of ['Transposing instruments' feature](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/notation/transposition#transposing-instruments)

## Changing notehead direction

<figure><img src="https://1928698062-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F5NUiVQIqbPkgQim8AxPy%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-d05632eeecac66af8e1970e20751e4d4ef45330f%2Fms3_movehorizontal.png?alt=media" alt="Ms3 movehorizontal"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

To move notehead(s) *horizontally* to the other side of stem, use one of the following:

* Press <kbd>Shift</kbd>+<kbd>X</kbd>, or
* in [Inspector](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/basics/inspector#note) **Note** section, select an option in **Mirror head** drop-down.

(**Note**: Contrast this command with <kbd>X</kbd> which moves the stem and the beam *horizontally and vertically* to other side of the notehead)

## Notehead properties

Other properties for notehead, see [Inspector: Note](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/basics/inspector#note)

## Notehead style and font

There are 6 font options for notehead set in **Format→Style→Score**. Notehead does not use style profiles ([Layout and formatting](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/formatting/layout-and-formatting)).\
Noteheads [palette](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/basics/palettes) are displayed with Bravura font.

## Shared noteheads

When two notes in *different* [voices](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/basics/working-with-multiple-voices), but of the same written pitch, fall on the same beat, one of two things may happen:

* The notes may *share* the same notehead.
* The notes may be *offset*: i.e. arranged side by side.

MuseScore uses the following rules:

* Notes with stems in the same direction do not share noteheads.
* Dotted notes do not share noteheads with undotted notes.
* Black notes do not share noteheads with white notes.
* Whole notes never share noteheads.

**Note**: If two unison notes occur in the *same* voice they are always offset.

## Change offset noteheads to shared

To turn *offset noteheads* in opposite voices into *shared noteheads* :

* Make the smaller-value notehead invisible by selecting it and using the keyboard shortcut V (or unchecking the "Visible" option in the Inspector).

In a small minority of cases (where the smaller value note is dotted) this workaround is not applicable, so use the following alternative:

* Select the smaller value notehead and, in the "Note" section of the Inspector, change "Head type" to match that of the larger value note in the opposite voice.

## Examples of notehead sharing

1. In the first example below, the notes of voices 1 and 2 share noteheads by default, because they are all black, undotted notes:

<figure><img src="https://1928698062-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F5NUiVQIqbPkgQim8AxPy%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-b4fc073365988cced5b1a425a471325ef30b0525%2Fshared_notes_1.png?alt=media" alt="Shared black undotted noteheads"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

2. By contrast, in the next example, white notes cannot share noteheads with black notes, so are offset to the right:

   <figure><img src="https://1928698062-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F5NUiVQIqbPkgQim8AxPy%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-18054bc602d11b4188a6e76854c74f1ba6d4fb4a%2Fshared_notes_2.png?alt=media" alt="Non-shared noteheads"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

To create a shared notehead, change the black eighth note's head type to match that of the white note or, pre-3.5, make it invisible (as explained above):

<figure><img src="https://1928698062-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F5NUiVQIqbPkgQim8AxPy%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-acfb4597882ec8ec727d414f1412ead5cc624509%2Fshared_notes_3.png?alt=media" alt="Shared white noteheads"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## Remove duplicate fret marks

In certain cases, a shared notehead, when pasted to a [tablature](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/notation/tablature) staff, may result in two separate fret marks on adjacent strings. To correct this, make any extraneous tablature notes invisible by selecting them and using the keyboard shortcut <kbd>V</kbd> (or by unchecking the "visible" option in the Inspector).

## See also

* [Drum notation](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/notation/entering-and-editing-percussion-notation)
* [Notehead schemes](https://handbook.musescore.org/3/advanced-topics/notehead-schemes)

## External links

* [The Music Notation Project Wiki > Shape Note Notation](https://musicnotation.org/wiki/notation-systems/shape-note-notation/)
* [IMSLP.org Wiki > 4-shape notation](https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:4-shape_notation)
* [IMSLP.org Wiki > 7-shape notation](https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:7-shape_notation)
